Acne: What Can Be Done

First off, acne is common—almost normal. Most people deal with it at some point in their lives. Fortunately, acne is not detrimental to your health, but its effects are superficial and can cause scarring and hyperpigmentation. No one wants their face to be covered in blemishes. So, what causes acne and how can we treat it?

Causes of Acne

Hormonal (Androgenic) Acne:

• Most common in teenagers due to increased androgen (testosterone) levels during puberty.

• These hormones bind to glands in the skin, causing excess oil production and build-up in pores, resulting in acne.

• Medications that alter hormones like oral birth control and corticosteroids can induce hormonal acne.

• Normal hormonal changes such as menstrual cycles and pregnancy can also trigger acne.

Infections and Bacteria:

• The strain Cutibacterium acnes is the most common infectious agent causing acne.

Diet:

• Low glycemic diets (avoiding high sugar foods like juice, sugary sodas, and other simple carbs) may help reduce acne. The good news is, there is no evidence linking eating chocolate or salt to more acne break outs.

• Some evidence suggests that milk can increase precursors for testosterone, and there is some correlation of milk consumption to the frequency and severity of acne.

How to Treat Acne

Start Topically:

• Daily Washing: Use a mild soap up to twice daily. This removes excess oil.

• Over-the-Counter Products: Face washes with benzoyl peroxide (kills bacteria and removes dead skin cells) and salicylic acid (opens pores and encourages new skin growth).

• Retinoid or Retinol Creams: Prevent clogged pores. Note: Retinol cream is not safe during pregnancy, and there is some evidence suggesting to avoid benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid as well.

Prescription Therapies:

• Topical and Oral Antibiotics: Used for stubborn acne problems but can require months of daily use.

• Hormone-Suppressing Medications: Spironolactone can be used but is falling out of favor due to side effects and uncertain effectiveness.

• Accutane (Isotretinoin): This is the final boss of acne medications the most potent but the side effects and risks to pregnancy are substantial. There is an increased risk of suicide and depression, and regular lab monitoring is required to monitor for adverse effects. Accutane can dry out the skin, lips, and mouth and may cause gastrointestinal issues. Clinicians undergo special training called to prescribe this medication safely. Note: you guessed it, nearly all these medications are unsafe for baby during pregnancy.

Ready to better manage your acne? Call Cobia Clinic at (801) 407-9595 or visit cobiaclinic.com.